Genealogy: Inheritance of Faith

 

Church Building in Churchville, MD

Usually, when I sit down to write a blog I start with a general idea of where I want to go.  I find a photograph that relates to the story. Then I let the words flow.  Inside of two hours or so, I have a basic story crafted. I insert a few links then spend some time tweaking it. I may sit on it for a day and come back to the topic edit it a bit more, then hit "publish."

This topic of "Inheritance of Faith" has stumped me. I've sat down to craft it two or three times and I've come away unsatisfied.  I stopped and did a bit more genealogical research and returned to the topic to try to write the story -- but still, it has been slow.

It may be that for this topic I started out thinking I knew how the story was going to unfold, but what I was uncovering wasn't going to fit quite that cleanly. It may be because there were so many holes that a cohesive story just wouldn't materialize. It may be that the inheritance of faith is more complicated than I considered. And yet, to a man of faith, it is so important.

This was important in ancient Israel when in Deuteronomy they were instructed:

"'You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way, and when you lie down, and when you rise."

The family responsibility to secure that inheritance of faith was emphasized again in Malachi where it rebukes men for being faithless to their wives and essentially asks, "What was God seeking in faithful marriages?" -- "Godly offspring."

Yet, it turns out that faith is inherited in multiple ways and in different intensities. Sure, families can transmit an inheritance of faith, but so can societal relationship. Faith doesn't just come by inheritance -- it can also come simply by someone who is hungering and thirsting for righteousness. 

I was raised in a Southeastern American Christian family worshipping regularly with the churches of Christ.  I am an example of inheriting faith from the faith practices of my parents and nearby grandparents.

While I knew recent faith histories, the genealogist in me wanted to know, 'How did my family get associated with the churches of Christ?' 

The churches of Christ, as a recognized entity, emerged during the Second Great Awakening in the United States. Is my inheritance of faith story connected to that awakening? This is where genealogical research comes in. 

During the 1920s the churches of Christ were evangelizing in Pensacola, Florida. Transportation to worship was being offered, especially to children and teenagers. My grandmother, Ellen Anderson, was invited and allowed by her parents to attend. Through that invitation, her faith journey began. She, then, influenced her sisters. Ellen also converted her soon to be husband, Ira Huckaby during their courtship. My maternal line, then, had been members of the churches of Christ only since the 1920s. I would not be able to discover a direct line (though there is one) back to the Awakening.

My paternal grandmother was also associated with the churches of Christ. She had not attended worship regularly - though her sisters and parents did. My father, though, inherited his faith from her mother and father, Redmond Rose and Wilma Moore Rose. Redmond had built a small church house (which he called "Wilma Chapel") on their property so they could worship when they couldn't travel to the larger town of Rome, Ohio. Redmond had been religious from youth. His father, Lewis, was religiously active. Lewis participated in building the Centerpoint Church in Scottown in Lawrence County, Ohio. My great-Aunt Roma had described Lewis as a "kind of a Baptist preacher." We think "kind of a Baptist" referred to the German Baptist Brethren - sometimes called, "Dunkers." (See Note) 

The religious trail runs cold beyond Lewis. His parents were probably practicing Christianity, but nothing in the records tie them directly to a particular practice.

Wilma Moore Rose, though has a more clearly marked religious trail. She was directly responsible for influencing the religious path that my father took. Her parents were Lafayette Moore and Willamna Rossiter Moore. No single record about Lafayette indicates his religious preference but two facts provide clues. One is that his children were active in churches of Christ in the region of Noble, Ohio and he was the grandson of Timothy Bates. 

Timothy was affiliated with the nascent Christian churches in Ohio. Timothy became a minister for the Christian church in 1833. Timothy, along with evangelist, John Burnett organized the Mount Ephraim Christian Church (the structure is now used by the Methodist) in 1839. Probably not coincidentally, Alexander Campbell, a prominent leader of the Christian church movement, was in the same county of Ohio in the 1840 census.

With that, I can reasonably tie my inheritance of faith to the Stone-Campbell Movement during the Second Great Awakening.

As I look across several ancestors I find many examples of other faith traditions.

My grandmother, Ellen, was influenced to change.  The faith of her father, Oscar, was not discussed in our family and no records have been discovered. He was from Sweden and he was a mariner. He was known, by a note from my great-Aunt, to have been hospitable toward Norwegians in Pensacola. Maybe he was associated with the Lutheran affiliated Norwegian Seaman's Church. Ellen's mother, Emma, was, according to her obituary, a Methodist, but her inheritance of that is unknown. 

The McCown's were Methodist in Ohio but were originally Presbyterians in Virginia. My paternal grandfather's families in Tennessee were Presbyterian (associated with Hopewell Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church built in 1833) or Primitive Baptists (associated with the Friendship Baptist Church and Valley Grove Primitive Baptist Church).

I have discovered in the deeper ancestral roots that there were a variety of other faith traditions.                

            - Anglican --  Christopher Robinson, an 8th Great Grandfather, was a founding trustee of the                                          College of William and Mary. 

            - Catholics -- Pierre Openhaiser, a 5th Great-Grandfather, was born in Koblenz in the Holy                                          Roman Empire, strongly suggesting at least a cultural connection to the                                                  Catholicism. 

            - Huguenots --  Abraham Michaux and Pierre LeGrand are examples of  French Reformationist.

            - Episcopal --  Oliver Brown, a 4th Great-Grandfather, was not particularly religious but late in                                        life, according to an obituary, associated himself with an Episcopal church in                                            Brooke, Virginia (now West Virginia). 

            - Quakers --    Willimina Rossiter Moore, who I mentioned before, was descended from                                                    Quakers. Her Great-Grandmother, Mary Elizabeth Stephens Rossiter, was raised                                     as a Quaker at Valley Forge. 

            - Separatist --  William and Mary Brewster, as well as, Digory Priest were Puritans who arrived                                     in the Colonies on the Mayflower.

Seen collectively, these ancestors did not pass down a single religious tradition. They passed down a history of people searching beyond the inheritance, preserving it, adapting it, and at times casting it aside. Generation to generation there was some amount of change. Even when the names of the religions remained the same from generation to generation the practiced traditions and sometimes even core tenets still evolved. God alone can say, "I change not!" 

Those who receive an inheritance of faith invariably change something about the way they implemented it as they made that faith their own. That is the rub. Like any other inheritance once you pass it on -- what you pass on is no longer yours. 

Note: The German Baptist association is probably why the Lewis' father was thought to be a German immigrant. He was not.  He may have descended from German ancestors, but he was born in Virginia.

Ancestral Property - Surprise Property Owner

Property owned by Henrietta McCown in 1887

In my blog post Torrents of Tragedies, I discussed the tragedies in the life of James Coleman Terry. I mused that James was a complicated man.  He clearly participated in slavery in Virginia -- trading people as property.  He is thought to have transported slaves to Kentucky from western Virginia just prior to the Civil War. On the other hand, he had two sons join the Union cause and his brother freed his slaves in his will.

This gave me a very complicated picture of a very complicated man.  As I started researching to discuss ancestral property James became a bit more complicated.

James had a friendly relationship with the McCown family.  He is presumed to have worked with Sylvester McCown at the Green Bottom Plantation for a time. They both were involved in public office and local politics first in western Virginia and then in southern Ohio. James was appointed as executor for Sylvester's estate.

This seems to indicate that James had a trusting relationship with the McCowns. Family legend says they were friends before their children married one another. Specifically, James' daughter, Henrietta, married Sylvester's son, Monroe McCown, in December of 1860.

However, James did something unusual. His friend, Sylvester, had died in 1861. He had lost two sons, William, in 1860 of consumption and Benjamin, in 1863 as a casualty of the American Civil War at the Battle of Chickamauga. Whether these tragedies guided his thinking or not, in May of 1864 James conveyed to his daughter fifty acres of property (part of Lot 685, Range 15, Township 2, Sections 15 and 21). This property was in the village of Miller, Ohio.  

His son-in-law, Malcolm, already owned a business on the banks of the river in Miller in a section called Walker's Addition just south of State Street. Malcom's father, Sylvester, had owned a section in the north of the village on the Ohio river east of a bend in Federal creek. With James' conveyance to his daughter, she now owned more than either her husband or her father-in-law's estate in the village.

James sold the property to Henrietta for a $1 just four years after Ohio passed the Ohio's Married Women's Property Act of 1861 -- which permitted her to own the land independently of her husband. It wasn't that James didn't trust Monroe.  He had known the family well.  He simply let his daughter decide what she wanted to do with the asset. 

Henrietta shows up on an 1887 map of Lawerence County, Ohio owning a forty-five-acre strip of property she purchased from her father's estate on Indian Guyan Creek and that fifty-acre lot in Millersport (now Miller).

Monroe and Henrietta lived out their days in Miller and were buried in Miller Cemetery.  Their children moved down river and lived in various places along the Ohio Valley.

Colder than a Stethoscope

Health Insurance Calling Card

The cold end of a doctor's stethoscope is a warm blanket compared to the health insurance industry's three D's.  

DENY - Judge, with or without medical justification, that a procedure is medically unnecessary.

DELAY - Slowly allow the medical team and the claimant to proceed through the appeals process so that the patient has to absorb more of the costs when the clock restarts the next year. Or, so that the high-cost patient chooses a different insurer next open season.

DEFEND - Extend the delay through insurance wording loopholes in hopes that the claimant gives up, pays out of pocket, or expires.

My business mind says, 

        "It makes sense. Insurance exchanges risk for a risk premium. 

        They don't profit from caring. They profit from reducing their liability."

Unfortunately, it only makes sense in tactically (in the short run).  In the long, the model creates a literal death spiral.  

- Insurance firms increase the administrative burden of medical community.

- Medical community increases costs to cover the burden

- Patients get poorer medical care.

- Patients bring legal suits against medical communities and insurance companies.

- Patients pay higher costs for insurance.

- Patients stop having medical insurance and/or preventative medical care.

My wife and I got caught up in the Deny, Delay, and Defend cycle this year.

It all started three years ago when her health was deteriorating rapidly and after several misdiagnoses locally, we began seeking treatment at University of Alabama in Birmingham's (UAB) medical center. They had to run her through several series of tests to satisfy insurance demands. Then after far too much delay she had a mitral valve replaced in her heart. We went with a biological replacement - because mechanical introduced considerable life altering requirements, OCD-like monitoring, and "poisons" for medication.

The surgery was met with multiple complications.  First, her heart structure had been damaged from the long duration of mitral valve issues, untreated because of a lack of external symptoms. Second, she had a reaction to a medication in the surgical room. While she was in recovery -- the doctor said she is recovering, but he also said, "Do you have children?"  He followed with, "I think she is going to be ok, but..." These are not words you want to hear from a highly skilled surgeon.

A recovery that usually takes a few days before being sent home had her recovering and fighting for her life for six weeks in the hospital.  Even when they sent her home -- neither she nor I were convinced she was going to recover at home very quickly.  Even so, day by day her strength returned to the point that no one but those that knew would have suspected she had open heart surgery.

We flew to the Ecuador in South America there we traveled by car to over 13,000 feet more than once. We took a three-week trip through the Eastern United States. We celebrated our grandson's birthdays and big events. She resumed leading the Elementary and Pre-School Bible class program at church.

And then earlier this year we had a routine follow-up medical test that revealed something.  She endured three tests following it to confirm and define the problem.  Her valve that on average lasts ten years was wearing out at three. After multiple medical consults the doctors recommended a Valve in Valve procedure.  This would do two things.  One it would test whether the valve problem was a result of a bad valve or her difficult recovery, and it would provide her with a repair option that was minimally invasive.

Unfortunately, that recommendation is out of the norm from our insurance company’s perspective. (The reason you go to leading specialists is because they solve problems that are out of the norm -- but I digress.) Also, we are near October so even if they fail to perpetually deny the procedure, they can at least move it to next year where we will have to pay more of the bill. All the while, the problem with the valve is making the heart weaker over time.

There are of course options.  Appeal.  We are doing that.  Go out of pocket.  We might if the appeal is still denied into next year. Consider medical tourism where we can find equally qualified surgeons that have not had to raise their costs due to insurance demands. That isn't out of the question.  We have found at least to options in countries (and cities) where we know someone locally.

You often hear when lamenting about an insurance nightmare, "You need to have good insurance."  

I pay just over $10K per year for health insurance and my former employer pays an equivalent of $30K, bringing the value of my health insurance to $40K. When you consider that an average annual salary is $60K -- that is good insurance!

I am certainly not complaining about the risk that has been defrayed by my health insurance over the years.  My second child was born three months premature, I've had a couple of ER visits, and surgeries, and my wife has had several chronic medical costs.  All of which have greatly exceeded even current year insurance costs over the last forty plus years (that is $400K). I cannot say the same for other insurances that I have purchased (Life - fortunately, Homeowners, Auto).

We are, though, feeling the cold calculations of risk mitigation as it brushes up against the harsh realities of our medical needs.

 

Genealogy - Grits from Grandpa

 

Wade's Mill in Raphine, VA

The boyhood home I grew up in sat on a quarter acre lot in a subdivision.  When I moved out -- I bought a quarter acre lot with a small house on it.  After selling that place - I bought another quarter acre lot in a subdivision with an average-sized home. My owned footprint has never been more than a quarter acre.

Many of my ancestors, however, have owned considerable amounts of land. Some of the poorest held a hundred and sixty times as much land as I ever have. Some of the richest have owned forty thousand times as much. Of course, there's a reason for the expression "Land rich, cash poor." And it's for that reason that my branch of the family no longer has land as an asset. 

Nonetheless, I remain fascinated by the lands they owned, worked, or traversed. This next series of blogs will be about family land.

In May of 2025, I visited the region where my McCown ancestors settled in the American colonies.  Like so many Scotsmen coming from Northern Ireland in the mid-1700s, that portion of my family settled in the Valley of Virginia in what was called the Borden Tract. While there, my wife and I visited Wade's Mill that has been in Raphine, Virginia since 1750. As soon as I saw it, I knew there was a possibility my ancestors had seen that mill in its earliest days.

My fifth great-grandfather, Francis McCown, had imported himself at Orange County, Virginia in 1740 -- though he already had property in the Beverley Tract as early as 1739. By 1743 he owned over 700 acres in the Borden Tract.  Over half of that was a plantation that bordered the property of Joseph Kennedy. 

Francis' Property bordering Joseph Kennedy's Property

Joseph and Francis both served in the militia formed by the community and certainly would have known each other. I can say with reasonable confidence that Francis visited and did business with the Kennedys at this mill for a time.

There remains speculation about the maiden name of Francis' wife, my fifth great grandmother, Margaret. Many genealogists have assumed her maiden name was Patterson and that she was the daughter of John Patterson and Agnes Moffett Patterson. Clearly, there was a close relationship to the Pattersons as Francis was named executor of John's will and one of Francis and Margaret's children was named Agnes.

The name Patterson -- and the possible connection -- is of special interest here because in 1906 a mill structure was moved from further down Hays Creek to be used as a barn. The mill was called the "Old Patterson Mill".

I can't imagine embarking across the ocean to claim land in a wilderness. I can't imagine transforming over 700 acres of that wilderness into farmland. I can't imagine having to defend it from other peoples who had different ideas about land ownership. It is so far removed from 20th and 21st-century suburban life. 

But today, I can go visit the region on the planet where Francis invested his time. I can enjoy grits ground on the same stone that ground his wheat and barley. I can stand in the place where he had conversations about Native American actions, the English in the east, settlement expansion and needs, and the wolf problem. These things I can imagine.

Genealogy - Torrents of Tragedy

J. C. Terry Estate Appraisement 1882

I recently discussed in this blog the tragedy associated with an uncle, Cecil McCown, who died of typhoid in 1892. His mother, Henrietta, based upon her letters, grieved the loss of Cecil greatly. She lived only six years after his death.

By the time Cecil died, Henrietta had lost her mother when she was eleven years old. She had also lost several siblings before she was forty, including a half-sister who was only twelve-years-old.  But I'm getting ahead of myself, because the central character for this story is her father, James Coleman Terry.

The only piece of his life that I possess is a slip of paper noting that my great-great grandfather, Monroe, was the executor of his estate in a Notice of Appraisement.

James is an interesting ancestor. He is one of my third great-grandfathers. In researching his life, I've come to believe that I may not have really liked him too much.  And, yet, I find myself struck by the number and magnitude of tragedies that he faced.

James was born in Virginia to Thomas and Lucy Terry in either Buckingham or Amherst, VA. James' father had settled there after the Revolution.  Thomas had been a guard at Albemarle where William Robinson had served as a Lieutenant. A relationship between the two of them apparently was struck. 

I suspect, though, I haven't yet proven, that Thomas was quite good at guarding and was put in William's employ after the war to help manage his security needs on his plantation. Whatever the circumstances, the relationship developed more as time passed -- because Thomas had mostly sons and William had mostly daughters.  Four of Thomas' six children would marry four of William's seven children. Thomas supplied three sons for the marriages and William provided three daughters. James was one of those sons.

Something happened after James' father-in-law, William, died. James was one of the administrators of his estate. He was in a lawsuit brought by his father, Thomas, for debt. William had died in 1825, but the settlement was still lingering in 1830. By then James had moved to Cabell, Virginia (that became West Virginia), maybe because of his disputes with his father. 

In Cabell he became involved in local politics. In 1833 he was acting as a supervisor of elections along with an election's commissioner, William Jenkins, who may have been the father of Confederate General Albert Gallatin Jenkins and owner of the Green Bottom Plantation. This possible connection is reinforced in a 1961 obituary of James' granddaughter, Rose Pocahontas "Honta" Clark, which states "During the Civil War, Mr. Terry was overseer of the Albert Gallatin Jenkins estate." Family legend says James transported slaves down the Ohio to Kentucky just before West Virginia was formed. Being cognizant of local politics he would have certainly known the inevitable was coming. He also had connections for River transportation. One of his sons, Robert, was a clerk on a steamboat and another of his sons, Logan, was an Engineer on a steamboat. Like I said, "I may not have really liked him too much."

Though he may have been overseeing the plantation at Green Bottom, his property ownership was in Lawrence County, OH.  As early as the 1840 census he was counted in Lawrence County seemingly with his first wife, Sarah, and seven children.

Between 1840 and 1843, Sarah, his first wife had disappeared.  It is most probable that she died - but no death record has been located for her.  James remarried in 1843 to Harriet Wakefield. A few years later, whether related to his duties as an auditor for the county or not, he was charged with Assault and Battery. It was apparently true -- because he plead guilty. The plea was premature, though, because the court determined the magistrate had no jurisdiction and had failed to identify when, where, or even upon whom the assault had occurred.  Since he had already plead guilty, they charged him a $15 fine.

By 1860 things seem to be going well for James.  He was running a farm, he may have been overseeing the Green Bottom Plantation, and his children were doing well for themselves. Within six years - all of this would fall apart.

First, in February of 1860 his son, William died of consumption. Then in January of 1863, his twelve-year-old daughter, Eliza died of diphtheria. In September of the same year, his son Benjamin, died from wounds at the Battle of Chickamauga. 

Benjamin was a Union soldier with the 6th Ohio. If the sale of the slaves downriver were true, then there was complication within the family. Or James lived a complex and divided life - supporting the institution of slavery because he profited from it and supporting the desire for the States to be reunited. It is also possible that he was estranged from a son, who opposed the ideals of the Confederacy -- then he lost him in that tragic war. Less than two years later, that son who was a successful steamboat engineer died of consumptions in his parents' home. He, too, had served with the 6th Ohio. Then a year later, in August of 1866, his son, Robert died.

James had sired five sons and only one remained. His wife, Harriett, though the step-mother of those sons was so distraught that she is listed as an invalid in the 1870 census. She had recovered by the 1880 census, then in 1881, James' last son, Patrick, dies on 3 July 1881 having drowned at the Memphis Wharf.

James was in his late seventies.  It was too much.  James died four months later.

When Cecil died in 1892, Henrietta wrote of grief that hollowed her out. She had learned that sorrow early, and she had watched it consume her father before it reached her. James Terry’s life was marked by choices I question and tragedies I can hardly imagine. Henrietta held the memory and carried the scars of both. In piecing their stories together, I can feel the grief -- though faintly -- more than a century later.

 

Genealogy - Generational Tragedy

 

Lewis Edward McCown with Cousins

Tragedies are different than setbacks. They are not simply the experiencing people we love, live and die of natural causes. They are those events that for some reason feel singled out because they are unexpected and notably unfair.

Sometimes tragedies in life are single events that individuals suffer for a short time then heal. Other tragedies leave scars that families struggle to heal from. Still other families seem to have unrelated tragedies that pile up on the generations.

In the last tragedy blog, I looked at Robert McCown, my great-grandfather's brother. Robert died in a prison fire in 1930 when his only son, Lewis Edward McCown, was seven years old.  Lewis's mother, Mary, had been previously married to Ova Dunfee and had a son, Ray, who was seven years older than Lewis.

Lewis with his older Stepbrother, Ray

When Ova was only eleven, in 1907, he was injured when he was struck by an automobile in Huntington, WV while he was riding his bicycle. This incident wasn't a tragedy, but it was notable because of how early it was in the history of automobiles.  (The first recorded pedestrian / automobile accident in the was in London in 1899.) Ova died, though, when he was only twenty-three -- leaving a widow and a three-year old boy. 

Ova's widow married Robert McCown two years later. Lewis was born the next year. Sometime between 1922, when Lewis was born, and 1930 when Robert died, Mary and Robert divorced. Robert was unable or unwilling to provide financial support for his family after the divorce. Lewis, therefore, grew up in a divided, difficult, and depressed (financially) household. When he was seventeen, he was living with his grandmother, Mary Ellen McCown, and Aunt Margaret Eaton in Athalia, OH.

Judging from surviving photographs and discussions about Lewis by my grandfather, the extended family was part of Lewis' life.  He posed with photos with his first cousin, Carlos Stone, Jr. and his second cousin, Robert "Bobbie" Wylie, all of whom were born within a year of one another. Carlos had lost his mother, Elizabeth McCown Stone, to illness when he was only three. He moved to Springfield, OH with his father - though he did come back to Lawrence County, OH to marry.

Like all young men across America, Bobbie and Lewis joined the military during the height of World War II. Carlos likely did, too - though I know no details. Lewis, though, saw terrible and historic things.  

Lewis was a Water Tender in the engine room on a large naval vessel [a Landing Ship, Tank (LST)] that delivered tanks, trucks, and other logistical equipment onto the beaches at the littoral front of military operations. These were used repeatedly during the war.  Lewis was an LST crewman at Salerno on his 21st birthday in 1943, at Anzio in January 1944, and on that fateful D-Day in Normandy a few months later in June. In total he would have witnessed the loss of six LSTs during the three operations.

Lewis' Navy Photo

Despite the danger, Lewis returned home in January of 1946 and married Edna Martin the same month. Three years later, on 30 July 1949, Lewis was killed in an automobile accident at the intersection of 8th Street and 8th Avenue in Huntington, WV. He left behind a young wife and two children under three.

Bobbie was not unaffected. He continued to live and work in Chesapeake, OH as a Chiropodist (now called a Podiatrist), but in 1968 while on a business trip to Wisconsin - he committed suicide. If reasons for his choice were revealed or known they have been lost to time. He left behind five children, three still living at home with the youngest only eight years old.

These tragedies, stretching from Robert to Lewis to Bobbie, do not form a tidy chain. They are scattered, unfair, and deeply human. Ecclesiastes reminds us that “time and chance happen to them all,” and perhaps that is the only thread that ties these events together. They were not clearly deserved, they were not predictable, and they were not connected — except in the lives of the people who had to endure them. Remembering them in its own way can help us to endure our own inconveniences and even tragedies we inevitably experience.

Genealogy - Bearing Tragedy

 

1908 Teddy Bear - then and now

Sometime around 1908 my grandfather, Herbert, received a Steiff mohair bear as a gift. Not long afterwards he was holding that bear tightly and proudly while standing aside his older brother, Robert, on the family's farm in southern Ohio. Robert watches on lovingly and protectively. 

Nearly 120 years later, that bear sits atop a shelf in my mother's apartment staring lovingly and protectively at its cub.

I know nothing about the circumstances of how the bears came to my grandfather. I don't remember seeing them when I visited my grandparents. I know that my father brought them back to the house after my grandfather died -- knowing my mother loved bears.

Those bears witnessed a family tragedy. The photograph of the boys is the last image I have of Robert.

The boys' father, Sylvester, married in 1888 and spent the early years blacksmithing, managing apple and peach orchards, and looking for work opportunities and stability along the Ohio River.  That stability didn't come. By 1910 he had found work down river but away from his home in Ohio, speculating on lumber tracts in Louisiana and helping to transition tree harvested forest properties to farms. This work, though, meant he was separated from his beloved wife and four children. 

He was still working in the timber industry in Louisiana when his oldest son, Robert, finished school. Robert probably joined his father in the work for a time. Robert wasn't yet old enough to be drafted into the World War so he could have had up to two years with his father. 

The opportunity to build his relationship with his father was a bright point.  Unfortunately, the remoteness and male dominated nature of the work made it ripe for over-consuming alcohol. Sylvester had certainly succumbed to it.  Robert followed.

 By the end of 1918, Robert was eligible for the draft. He went to Fort Thomas, KY.  No longer had he joined in September the Armistice was signed in November. Robert was then discharged as a recruit in December. He may have returned to the timber industry with his father, but if he did, it was short lived. His father died in October of 1919 of Cirrhosis of the liver -- a direct result of his alcohol consumption.

Robert's family moved in to live with his maternal grandparents, Robert and Betty Wiley in a large house in Athalia, OH. While he may have helped in the General Store that his grandfather owned, Robert was trying his hand supporting the growing need for automotive mechanics.

Wiley Home and General Store in Athalia, OH

Robert married, Mary Lewis sometime after February of 1920 and they had a son, Lewis Edward born in September of 1922. 

Either the mechanic work didn't pan out or the alcoholism overcame Robert. Robert's marriage dissolved and he was eventually incarcerated for non-support.

That is tragedy enough. But while serving time in the Ohio State Penitentiary, a fire erupted in the prison. Robert was among the over three hundred men who lost their lives in that fire.

My grandfather swore off alcohol completely -- not for religious reasons -- but because he witnessed the disease it caused his father and the devastation it brought to his big brother. 

He lost a brother but kept the bear, and he kept his vow. And in doing so, he carried forward not the darkness that consumed his father and brother, but the love that once shone in a young man’s protective gaze. The bear remains bearing witness to tragedy, memory, and devotion.

*****

Next time we will look at the tragedy that follows Robert's son, Lewis.